Non-cooperative intelligent control agents (ICAs) with dedicated cost functions, can lead the system to poor performance and in some cases, closed-loop instability. A robust solution to this challenge is to place the ICAs at the feedback Nash equilibrium point (FNEP) of the differential game between them. This paper introduces the designation of a robust decentralized infinite horizon LQR control system based on the FNEP for a linear time-invariant system. For this purpose, two control strategies are defined. The first one is a centralized infinite horizon LQR (CIHLQR) problem (i.e. a supervisory problem), and the second one is a decentralized control problem (i.e. an infinite horizon linear-quadratic differential game). Then, while examining the optimal solution of each of the above strategies on the performance of the other, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence of the two problems are presented. In the absence of the conditions, by using the least-squares error criterion, an approximated CIHLQR controller is presented. It is shown that the theorems could be extended from a two-agent control system to a multi-agent system. Finally, the results are evaluated using the simulation results of a Two-Area non-reheat power system.

Background & Aim: The aging of the population poses new challenges, among others, a greater concern with the teaching of geriatrics and gerontology, especially to future health professionals. The simulation game "Aging Nursing Game" ® was used with the objective of evaluating the impact of an aging simulation game on nursing students' attitudes towards the elderly. Methods & Materials: A pre-test and post-test type quasi-experimental study was performed, without control group. The research was developed between February and July 2018. The subjects of this study were second-year undergraduate nursing students. A game was used as an intervention. To measure the effectiveness of the game, a questionnaire was applied before and after the intervention. The data collection instrument consisted of a questionnaire composed of two parts, the first part for sociodemographic characterization, and another consisting of the Portuguese version of the Kogan Scale (KAOP). Results: The sample consisted of 45 undergraduate nursing students from the 2nd year corresponding to 75% of the population. The attitude towards the elderly person improved significantly before and after the intervention. Of the 34 items on the Kogan Scale (KAOP), 21 improved significantly. Conclusion: The simulation game has proven to be effective in teaching students changing attitudes towards the elderly (p <0. 05).

This paper proposes a dynamic game approach to distributed energy resource (DER) expansion planning from investors’ viewpoint with incomplete information. An innovative framework is proposed here to encounter different aspects of DER planning. Wind turbines, gas engines and combined heat and power (CHP) are considered as DERs in this study. For reducing the risk of investment, some support schemes are proposed for wind and CHP. Furthermore, strategic uncertainty of rival behavior as one of the uncertainties has been modeled in electricity market using incomplete information game theory. By the proposed model, the dynamic behaviors of DERs investors and the effects of regulatory intervention on expansion planning are analyzed. The proposed model is capable of evaluating the mutual effects of supporting policies on penetration rate of multi-resources simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed model is illustrated through implementing on a test system.

Introduction: The teaching of emergency medicine as an important subject is of particular importance in medical education. The use of games and gamification in education as a technology to enhance learning is of great importance today and its effects on learning in a fun and motivating environment can help improve the teaching of medical sciences. The main objective of this thesis is to design, implement and evaluate a simulation of an emergency medicine course in the form of a serious game.Materials & Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental survey conducted on 60 external and internal students with easy sampling and all students in July, August, September and October in the emergency medicine unit in the form of a census .Thirty participants from the intervention group (Emergency Medicine students from September and August) and the control group (Emergency Medicine students from June and July) were recruited.The game was developed as a game application, capable of running on systems and mobile devices at (https: //emergencygame.ir/?p=134) to evaluate each step of student learning through writing scores and satisfaction on a 10-part scale, and their opinions were examined through interviews and extracted semantic codes. Descriptive and analytic statistics was used to analysis.Results: The average scores of the students of the two groups showed the effect of the intervention on students' learning (t-test: -2.47, P=0.01). Students' satisfaction with (7.93±1.78) indicates a good satisfaction with its implementation and the average time spent 142.80 showed that the intervention was able to attract students' concentration and interest. Students positively evaluated the effects of gamification on learning indicators in qualitative evaluation through interviews.Conclusion: Considering the impact of gamification on students' satisfaction and learning indicators and their interest in emerging technologies, this method is recommended in medical science education.

Background: Game-based education is fast becoming a key instrument in medical education. Method: In this study, papers related to games were filtered and limited to full-text peer-reviewed published in English. Results: To the best of researchers’ knowledge, the concepts used in the literature are varied and distinct, and the literature is not conclusive on the definition of educational games for medical education. Conclusion: This paper attempts to classify terms, concepts and definitions common to gamification in medical education.

The term "Game GIS” implies to real spatially enabled games in which a special part of the world is virtually simulated, represented and managed. In fact, game GIS is an integrated system consists of video games and geographical information systems, aimed to simulate and representing spatially enabled environment. The achieved result of implementing a game GIS service can be exploited before a crisis for wise designing of a city and diminution of the aftermath casualties. As the decision making process plays the key role to reduce the losses, the need arises for using the models as much as close to the reality. By this, it is possible to use the virtual world in in the form of a game rather than experiencing the real world with real wounded and killed persons in. This enables us to recognize and manage a test environment for promoting the managing the real environment of a city during and before a natural hazard disaster like an earthquake.  ...

Dental diseases in children have high prevalence the purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of oral health game on brushing skill and plaque score of school children. A Quasi-experimental study was carried on 220 subjects randomly and sampling was done on the fourth grade's girl students. A checklist was used to measuring the brushing skill and plaque score. t. test showed that there is a significant statistical difference between two groups brushing skill (P= 0.000) and plaque score (P= 0.000). The effectiveness of oral health game was 96.9% in brushing skill and the plaque score to 14.7%.  

Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action potential simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

Background & Objective: Regarding the urgent needs of students for an efficient teaching methodology, it is necessary to use self-directed and self-centered teaching methods that encourage the power of reasoning and judgment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using the game-based Appendectomy Surgical Simulation software on the academic achievement of undergraduate operating room students in Khomein, Iran. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Forty undergraduate operating room students who were in the second semester of the first year of the operating room undergraduate program participated in this quasi-experimental single-blind study. The participants were assigned randomly to the control and intervention groups after their consent was obtained. Following the use of the game-based Appendectomy Surgical Simulation software for the intervention group and lecture-based classes on a specific academic learning software for the control group, the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire concerning academic achievement, whose validity and reliability were approved. The data were then analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests in IBM SPSS (version 22) at a significance level of P<0. 05. Results: The average score of academic achievement was significantly higher in the intervention group (58. 35±2. 38) than in the control group (35. 65±4. 14) (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Using the game-based Appendectomy Surgical Simulation software has been effective in improving the academic achievement of students during the COVID-19 pandemic and afterward. Therefore, it can be used in academic and educational programs